Klinische Charakteristika des lokal begrenzten Prostatakarzinoms

Das Prostatakarzinom als häufigste Tumorerkrankung des Mannes hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Seit Einführung der PSA-Bestimmung als wichtiger diagnostischer Parameter konnte eine Verschiebung von organüberschreitenden hin zu organbegrenzten Karzinomen verzeichnet werden. Wir beschäftigten uns mit Fragen bezüglich regionaler Unterschiede, Alter, pathohistologischer Klassifikation, klinischem Verlauf und Lebensqualität der Patienten mit initial diagnostizierten organbegrenzten Prostatakarzinomen und untersuchten ein Patientenkollektiv von 686 Männern, die sich im Zeitraum von 1989 bis 1999 einer radikalen Prostatektomie im Universitätsklinikum Marburg unterzogen haben. Die Hypothese des klinisch entstandenen Eindrucks hinsichtlich eines Stadienshiftes zwischen einer aufgeklärten Großstadt (Hamburg) und einer Kleinstadt mit einem großen ländlichen Einzugsgebiet (Marburg) konnten wir widerlegen. In beiden Gebieten sank im untersuchten Zeitraum von 5 Jahren die Anzahl organüberschreitender Tumore. Gleichzeitig konnte ein Anstieg organbegrenzter pT2-Karzinome um 22% in Marburg bzw. 25% in Hamburg verzeichnet werden. Trotz erheblicher demographischer und soziokultureller Unterschiede sind die Akzeptanz und Inanspruchnahme von Vorsorgeuntersuchungen auf einem ähnlichen Niveau. Man kann anhand dieser Resultate davon ausgehen, dass sich die Qualität der Früherkennung und der urologischen Behandlung in einer Kleinstadt kaum von der einer modernen Großstadt unterscheidet. Wir untersuchten das scheinbar aggressivere Verhalten eines Prostatakarzinoms bei jungen Patienten unter 55 Jahren im Vergleich zu älteren Patienten über 65 Jahren. Bis auf eine leicht erhöhte Rezidivhäufigkeit im jungen Patientenalter (13,8% versus 4,2) konnten im Vergleich übriger onkologischer Parameter wie dem PSA-Wert, dem pT-Stadium und dem Grading gravierende Unterschiede zwischen beiden Altersgruppen ausgeschlossen werden. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass junge Patienten, die zum initialen Diagnosezeitpunkt jünger als 55 Jahre waren und sich einer radikalen Prostatektomie unterzogen haben, einen ähnlichen klinischen Verlauf aufweisen wie ältere Patienten. Die These eines aggressiveren Krankheitsverlaufes können wir in unserer Studie nicht unterstützen. Ein wichtiger Prognoseparameter für den klinischen Verlauf eines Prostatakarzinoms ist der Lymphknotenstatus. In unserer Untersuchung konnten bei einem Lymphknotenbefall trotz Verschiebung wichtiger onkologischer Werte (initialer PSA, pT-Stadium, Grading) zu deutlich schlechteren Stadien keine gravierenden Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Rezidivhäufigkeit und des Überlebens im Vergleich zu lymphknotennegativen Patienten gefunden werden. Der Lymphknotenstatus als Prognostikator besaß in unserer Studie somit nur einen untergeordneten Stellenwert. Wir beschäftigten uns weiterhin mit der Frage, ob es gerechtfertigt ist, Patienten mit einem initialen PSA-Wert über 20 ng/ml einer radikalen Prostatektomie zuzuführen. Es zeigte sich bei einem Anstieg des PSA-Wertes eine Zunahme organüberschreitender Prostatakarzinome, positiver Lymphknoten und eine Steigerung der Rezidivwahrscheinlichkeit. Dennoch konnte ein Überleben von 82% im mittleren Follow-up verzeichnet werden. Die radikale Prostatektomie als Therapieoption sollte diesen Patienten nicht vorenthalten werden. Es stellte sich für uns die Frage, inwieweit die Lebensqualität der Patienten durch die Therapie einer radikalen Prostatektomie beeinflusst und verändert wurde. Zu den wichtigsten Veränderungen zählten in unserer Studie Einschränkungen in der Kontinenz- und Potenzsituation, obwohl mit zunehmendem Alter die Wertigkeit einer Inkontinenz anstieg. Mit Hilfe des standardisierten EORTC QLQ C-30 Fragebogen bestätigten die Patienten Jahre nach dem operativen Eingriff eine gute bis sehr gute Lebensqualität. Über 93.5% der Patienten würden bei einer neuen Therapieentscheidung erneut die Prostatektomie als Therapieoption wählen. Angesichts der hohen Akzeptanz der Prostatektomie und der hervorragenden Tumorkontrolle bei Patienten mit lokal begrenzten oder fortgeschrittenen Prostatakarzinomen stellt diese Operation eine optimale Therapieoption dar, mit der sich die Alternativverfahren Bestrahlung und Hormonablation messen lassen müssen

Microdosing for drug delivery application—A review

There is an increasing amount of research on microfluidic actuators with the aim to improve drug dosing applications. Micropumps are promising as they reduce the size and energy consumption of dosing concepts and enable new therapies. Even though there are evident advantages, there are only few examples of industrial microdosing units and micropump technology has not yet found widespread application. To answer the evoked question of what limits the application of microdosing technology for drug delivery, this work provides a comprehensive insight into the subject of drug dosing. We highlight and analyse specific microfluidic challenges and requirements in medical dosing: safety relevant aspects, such as prevention of freeflow and backflow; dosing-specific requirements, such as dosing precision and stability; and system-specific aspects, such as size, weight, and power restrictions or economic aspects. Based on these requirements, we evaluate the suitability of different mechanical micropumps and actuation mechanisms for drug administration. In addition to research work, we present industrial microdosing systems that are commercially available or close to market release. We then summarize outstanding technical solutions that ensure sufficient fluidic performance, guarantee a safe use, and fulfil the specific requirements of medical microdosing

Rückkehr aus Deutschland: Forschungsstudie 2006 im Rahmen des Europäischen Migrationsnetzwerks

Die Forschungsstudie zu freiwilliger und zwangsweiser Rückkehr wurde für das Europäische Migrationsnetzwerk (EMN) gefertigt. Der Bericht behandelt vorrangig die Rückkehr ausreisepflichtiger Personen, macht Angaben zur Datenlage, stellt den politisch-rechtlichen Rahmen dar und gibt einen differenzierten Überblick über verschiedene Rückkehrmaßnahmen. Er bietet detaillierte Informationen, bettet sie in einen größeren Rahmen ein und weist auf bestehende Forschungslücken hin. Der umfangreiche Bericht wird ergänzt um verschiedene kleinere Studien, die vom Bundesamt zur thematischen Abrundung der EMN-Forschungsstudie an Experten vergeben worden sind, die dem nationalen Netzwerk des EMN angehören. Die Expertisen behandeln migrationstheoretische Fragen der Rückkehr, die historische Entwicklung der Förderung von freiwilliger Rückkehr in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, die aktuelle Praxis der Rückkehrberatung sowie die Verbindungen zwischen Rückkehr und Entwicklung.The research study regarding voluntary and forced return was drawn up for the European Migration Network. The report primarily deals with the return of persons who are obliged to leave the country, providing information on the data available, describing the political and legal contexts, and provides a differentiated overview of various return-related measures. It offers detailed information, embedding it in a broader framework, and indicates existing gaps in research. The extensive report is supplemented by various smaller studies which were commissioned by the Federal Office from experts who belong to the national network of the EMN to round off the topics dealt with by the research study of the EMN. The expert reports deal with return-related questions of migration theory, with the historical development of the promotion of voluntary return in the Federal Republic of Germany, with the current practice of advice on returns, as well as with the connection between return and development

An evidence-based recommendation on bed head elevation for mechanically ventilated patients

A semi-upright position in ventilated patients is recommended to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and is one of the components in the Ventilator Bundle of the Institute for Health Care Improvement. This recommendation, however, is not an evidence-based one.status: publishe

Covid-19 triage in the emergency department 2.0: how analytics and AI transform a human-made algorithm for the prediction of clinical pathways

The Covid-19 pandemic has pushed many hospitals to their capacity limits. Therefore, a triage of patients has been discussed controversially primarily through an ethical perspective. The term triage contains many aspects such as urgency of treatment, severity of the disease and pre-existing conditions, access to critical care, or the classification of patients regarding subsequent clinical pathways starting from the emergency department. The determination of the pathways is important not only for patient care, but also for capacity planning in hospitals. We examine the performance of a human-made triage algorithm for clinical pathways which is considered a guideline for emergency departments in Germany based on a large multicenter dataset with over 4,000 European Covid-19 patients from the LEOSS registry. We find an accuracy of 28 percent and approximately 15 percent sensitivity for the ward class. The results serve as a benchmark for our extensions including an additional category of palliative care as a new label, analytics, AI, XAI, and interactive techniques. We find significant potential of analytics and AI in Covid-19 triage regarding accuracy, sensitivity, and other performance metrics whilst our interactive human-AI algorithm shows superior performance with approximately 73 percent accuracy and up to 76 percent sensitivity. The results are independent of the data preparation process regarding the imputation of missing values or grouping of comorbidities. In addition, we find that the consideration of an additional label palliative care does not improve the results

Human Practice. Digital Ecologies. Our Future. : 14. Internationale Tagung Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2019) : Tagungsband

Erschienen bei: universi - Universitätsverlag Siegen. - ISBN: 978-3-96182-063-4Aus dem Inhalt: Track 1: Produktion & Cyber-Physische Systeme Requirements and a Meta Model for Exchanging Additive Manufacturing Capacities Service Systems, Smart Service Systems and Cyber- Physical Systems—What’s the difference? Towards a Unified Terminology Developing an Industrial IoT Platform – Trade-off between Horizontal and Vertical Approaches Machine Learning und Complex Event Processing: Effiziente Echtzeitauswertung am Beispiel Smart Factory Sensor retrofit for a coffee machine as condition monitoring and predictive maintenance use case Stakeholder-Analyse zum Einsatz IIoT-basierter Frischeinformationen in der Lebensmittelindustrie Towards a Framework for Predictive Maintenance Strategies in Mechanical Engineering - A Method-Oriented Literature Analysis Development of a matching platform for the requirement-oriented selection of cyber physical systems for SMEs Track 2: Logistic Analytics An Empirical Study of Customers’ Behavioral Intention to Use Ridepooling Services – An Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model Modeling Delay Propagation and Transmission in Railway Networks What is the impact of company specific adjustments on the acceptance and diffusion of logistic standards? Robust Route Planning in Intermodal Urban Traffic Track 3: Unternehmensmodellierung & Informationssystemgestaltung (Enterprise Modelling & Information Systems Design) Work System Modeling Method with Different Levels of Specificity and Rigor for Different Stakeholder Purposes Resolving Inconsistencies in Declarative Process Models based on Culpability Measurement Strategic Analysis in the Realm of Enterprise Modeling – On the Example of Blockchain-Based Initiatives for the Electricity Sector Zwischenbetriebliche Integration in der Möbelbranche: Konfigurationen und Einflussfaktoren Novices’ Quality Perceptions and the Acceptance of Process Modeling Grammars Entwicklung einer Definition für Social Business Objects (SBO) zur Modellierung von Unternehmensinformationen Designing a Reference Model for Digital Product Configurators Terminology for Evolving Design Artifacts Business Role-Object Specification: A Language for Behavior-aware Structural Modeling of Business Objects Generating Smart Glasses-based Information Systems with BPMN4SGA: A BPMN Extension for Smart Glasses Applications Using Blockchain in Peer-to-Peer Carsharing to Build Trust in the Sharing Economy Testing in Big Data: An Architecture Pattern for a Development Environment for Innovative, Integrated and Robust Applications Track 4: Lern- und Wissensmanagement (e-Learning and Knowledge Management) eGovernment Competences revisited – A Literature Review on necessary Competences in a Digitalized Public Sector Say Hello to Your New Automated Tutor – A Structured Literature Review on Pedagogical Conversational Agents Teaching the Digital Transformation of Business Processes: Design of a Simulation Game for Information Systems Education Conceptualizing Immersion for Individual Learning in Virtual Reality Designing a Flipped Classroom Course – a Process Model The Influence of Risk-Taking on Knowledge Exchange and Combination Gamified Feedback durch Avatare im Mobile Learning Alexa, Can You Help Me Solve That Problem? - Understanding the Value of Smart Personal Assistants as Tutors for Complex Problem Tasks Track 5: Data Science & Business Analytics Matching with Bundle Preferences: Tradeoff between Fairness and Truthfulness Applied image recognition: guidelines for using deep learning models in practice Yield Prognosis for the Agrarian Management of Vineyards using Deep Learning for Object Counting Reading Between the Lines of Qualitative Data – How to Detect Hidden Structure Based on Codes Online Auctions with Dual-Threshold Algorithms: An Experimental Study and Practical Evaluation Design Features of Non-Financial Reward Programs for Online Reviews: Evaluation based on Google Maps Data Topic Embeddings – A New Approach to Classify Very Short Documents Based on Predefined Topics Leveraging Unstructured Image Data for Product Quality Improvement Decision Support for Real Estate Investors: Improving Real Estate Valuation with 3D City Models and Points of Interest Knowledge Discovery from CVs: A Topic Modeling Procedure Online Product Descriptions – Boost for your Sales? Entscheidungsunterstützung durch historienbasierte Dienstreihenfolgeplanung mit Pattern A Semi-Automated Approach for Generating Online Review Templates Machine Learning goes Measure Management: Leveraging Anomaly Detection and Parts Search to Improve Product-Cost Optimization Bedeutung von Predictive Analytics für den theoretischen Erkenntnisgewinn in der IS-Forschung Track 6: Digitale Transformation und Dienstleistungen Heuristic Theorizing in Software Development: Deriving Design Principles for Smart Glasses-based Systems Mirroring E-service for Brick and Mortar Retail: An Assessment and Survey Taxonomy of Digital Platforms: A Platform Architecture Perspective Value of Star Players in the Digital Age Local Shopping Platforms – Harnessing Locational Advantages for the Digital Transformation of Local Retail Outlets: A Content Analysis A Socio-Technical Approach to Manage Analytics-as-a-Service – Results of an Action Design Research Project Characterizing Approaches to Digital Transformation: Development of a Taxonomy of Digital Units Expectations vs. Reality – Benefits of Smart Services in the Field of Tension between Industry and Science Innovation Networks and Digital Innovation: How Organizations Use Innovation Networks in a Digitized Environment Characterising Social Reading Platforms— A Taxonomy-Based Approach to Structure the Field Less Complex than Expected – What Really Drives IT Consulting Value Modularity Canvas – A Framework for Visualizing Potentials of Service Modularity Towards a Conceptualization of Capabilities for Innovating Business Models in the Industrial Internet of Things A Taxonomy of Barriers to Digital Transformation Ambidexterity in Service Innovation Research: A Systematic Literature Review Design and success factors of an online solution for cross-pillar pension information Track 7: IT-Management und -Strategie A Frugal Support Structure for New Software Implementations in SMEs How to Structure a Company-wide Adoption of Big Data Analytics The Changing Roles of Innovation Actors and Organizational Antecedents in the Digital Age Bewertung des Kundennutzens von Chatbots für den Einsatz im Servicedesk Understanding the Benefits of Agile Software Development in Regulated Environments Are Employees Following the Rules? On the Effectiveness of IT Consumerization Policies Agile and Attached: The Impact of Agile Practices on Agile Team Members’ Affective Organisational Commitment The Complexity Trap – Limits of IT Flexibility for Supporting Organizational Agility in Decentralized Organizations Platform Openness: A Systematic Literature Review and Avenues for Future Research Competence, Fashion and the Case of Blockchain The Digital Platform Otto.de: A Case Study of Growth, Complexity, and Generativity Track 8: eHealth & alternde Gesellschaft Security and Privacy of Personal Health Records in Cloud Computing Environments – An Experimental Exploration of the Impact of Storage Solutions and Data Breaches Patientenintegration durch Pfadsysteme Digitalisierung in der Stressprävention – eine qualitative Interviewstudie zu Nutzenpotenzialen User Dynamics in Mental Health Forums – A Sentiment Analysis Perspective Intent and the Use of Wearables in the Workplace – A Model Development Understanding Patient Pathways in the Context of Integrated Health Care Services - Implications from a Scoping Review Understanding the Habitual Use of Wearable Activity Trackers On the Fit in Fitness Apps: Studying the Interaction of Motivational Affordances and Users’ Goal Orientations in Affecting the Benefits Gained Gamification in Health Behavior Change Support Systems - A Synthesis of Unintended Side Effects Investigating the Influence of Information Incongruity on Trust-Relations within Trilateral Healthcare Settings Track 9: Krisen- und Kontinuitätsmanagement Potentiale von IKT beim Ausfall kritischer Infrastrukturen: Erwartungen, Informationsgewinnung und Mediennutzung der Zivilbevölkerung in Deutschland Fake News Perception in Germany: A Representative Study of People’s Attitudes and Approaches to Counteract Disinformation Analyzing the Potential of Graphical Building Information for Fire Emergency Responses: Findings from a Controlled Experiment Track 10: Human-Computer Interaction Towards a Taxonomy of Platforms for Conversational Agent Design Measuring Service Encounter Satisfaction with Customer Service Chatbots using Sentiment Analysis Self-Tracking and Gamification: Analyzing the Interplay of Motivations, Usage and Motivation Fulfillment Erfolgsfaktoren von Augmented-Reality-Applikationen: Analyse von Nutzerrezensionen mit dem Review-Mining-Verfahren Designing Dynamic Decision Support for Electronic Requirements Negotiations Who is Stressed by Using ICTs? A Qualitative Comparison Analysis with the Big Five Personality Traits to Understand Technostress Walking the Middle Path: How Medium Trade-Off Exposure Leads to Higher Consumer Satisfaction in Recommender Agents Theory-Based Affordances of Utilitarian, Hedonic and Dual-Purposed Technologies: A Literature Review Eliciting Customer Preferences for Shopping Companion Apps: A Service Quality Approach The Role of Early User Participation in Discovering Software – A Case Study from the Context of Smart Glasses The Fluidity of the Self-Concept as a Framework to Explain the Motivation to Play Video Games Heart over Heels? An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Emotions and Review Helpfulness for Experience and Credence Goods Track 11: Information Security and Information Privacy Unfolding Concerns about Augmented Reality Technologies: A Qualitative Analysis of User Perceptions To (Psychologically) Own Data is to Protect Data: How Psychological Ownership Determines Protective Behavior in a Work and Private Context Understanding Data Protection Regulations from a Data Management Perspective: A Capability-Based Approach to EU-GDPR On the Difficulties of Incentivizing Online Privacy through Transparency: A Qualitative Survey of the German Health Insurance Market What is Your Selfie Worth? A Field Study on Individuals’ Valuation of Personal Data Justification of Mass Surveillance: A Quantitative Study An Exploratory Study of Risk Perception for Data Disclosure to a Network of Firms Track 12: Umweltinformatik und nachhaltiges Wirtschaften Kommunikationsfäden im Nadelöhr – Fachliche Prozessmodellierung der Nachhaltigkeitskommunikation am Kapitalmarkt Potentiale und Herausforderungen der Materialflusskostenrechnung Computing Incentives for User-Based Relocation in Carsharing Sustainability’s Coming Home: Preliminary Design Principles for the Sustainable Smart District Substitution of hazardous chemical substances using Deep Learning and t-SNE A Hierarchy of DSMLs in Support of Product Life-Cycle Assessment A Survey of Smart Energy Services for Private Households Door-to-Door Mobility Integrators as Keystone Organizations of Smart Ecosystems: Resources and Value Co-Creation – A Literature Review Ein Entscheidungsunterstützungssystem zur ökonomischen Bewertung von Mieterstrom auf Basis der Clusteranalyse Discovering Blockchain for Sustainable Product-Service Systems to enhance the Circular Economy Digitale Rückverfolgbarkeit von Lebensmitteln: Eine verbraucherinformatische Studie Umweltbewusstsein durch audiovisuelles Content Marketing? Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur Konsumentenbewertung nachhaltiger Smartphones Towards Predictive Energy Management in Information Systems: A Research Proposal A Web Browser-Based Application for Processing and Analyzing Material Flow Models using the MFCA Methodology Track 13: Digital Work - Social, mobile, smart On Conversational Agents in Information Systems Research: Analyzing the Past to Guide Future Work The Potential of Augmented Reality for Improving Occupational First Aid Prevent a Vicious Circle! The Role of Organizational IT-Capability in Attracting IT-affine Applicants Good, Bad, or Both? Conceptualization and Measurement of Ambivalent User Attitudes Towards AI A Case Study on Cross-Hierarchical Communication in Digital Work Environments ‘Show Me Your People Skills’ - Employing CEO Branding for Corporate Reputation Management in Social Media A Multiorganisational Study of the Drivers and Barriers of Enterprise Collaboration Systems-Enabled Change The More the Merrier? The Effect of Size of Core Team Subgroups on Success of Open Source Projects The Impact of Anthropomorphic and Functional Chatbot Design Features in Enterprise Collaboration Systems on User Acceptance Digital Feedback for Digital Work? Affordances and Constraints of a Feedback App at InsurCorp The Effect of Marker-less Augmented Reality on Task and Learning Performance Antecedents for Cyberloafing – A Literature Review Internal Crowd Work as a Source of Empowerment - An Empirical Analysis of the Perception of Employees in a Crowdtesting Project Track 14: Geschäftsmodelle und digitales Unternehmertum Dividing the ICO Jungle: Extracting and Evaluating Design Archetypes Capturing Value from Data: Exploring Factors Influencing Revenue Model Design for Data-Driven Services Understanding the Role of Data for Innovating Business Models: A System Dynamics Perspective Business Model Innovation and Stakeholder: Exploring Mechanisms and Outcomes of Value Creation and Destruction Business Models for Internet of Things Platforms: Empirical Development of a Taxonomy and Archetypes Revitalizing established Industrial Companies: State of the Art and Success Principles of Digital Corporate Incubators When 1+1 is Greater than 2: Concurrence of Additional Digital and Established Business Models within Companies Special Track 1: Student Track Investigating Personalized Price Discrimination of Textile-, Electronics- and General Stores in German Online Retail From Facets to a Universal Definition – An Analysis of IoT Usage in Retail Is the Technostress Creators Inventory Still an Up-To-Date Measurement Instrument? Results of a Large-Scale Interview Study Application of Media Synchronicity Theory to Creative Tasks in Virtual Teams Using the Example of Design Thinking TrustyTweet: An Indicator-based Browser-Plugin to Assist Users in Dealing with Fake News on Twitter Application of Process Mining Techniques to Support Maintenance-Related Objectives How Voice Can Change Customer Satisfaction: A Comparative Analysis between E-Commerce and Voice Commerce Business Process Compliance and Blockchain: How Does the Ethereum Blockchain Address Challenges of Business Process Compliance? Improving Business Model Configuration through a Question-based Approach The Influence of Situational Factors and Gamification on Intrinsic Motivation and Learning Evaluation von ITSM-Tools für Integration und Management von Cloud-Diensten am Beispiel von ServiceNow How Software Promotes the Integration of Sustainability in Business Process Management Criteria Catalog for Industrial IoT Platforms from the Perspective of the Machine Tool Industry Special Track 3: Demos & Prototyping Privacy-friendly User Location Tracking with Smart Devices: The BeaT Prototype Application-oriented robotics in nursing homes Augmented Reality for Set-up Processe Mixed Reality for supporting Remote-Meetings Gamification zur Motivationssteigerung von Werkern bei der Betriebsdatenerfassung Automatically Extracting and Analyzing Customer Needs from Twitter: A “Needmining” Prototype GaNEsHA: Opportunities for Sustainable Transportation in Smart Cities TUCANA: A platform for using local processing power of edge devices for building data-driven services Demonstrator zur Beschreibung und Visualisierung einer kritischen Infrastruktur Entwicklung einer alltagsnahen persuasiven App zur Bewegungsmotivation für ältere Nutzerinnen und Nutzer A browser-based modeling tool for studying the learning of conceptual modeling based on a multi-modal data collection approach Exergames & Dementia: An interactive System for People with Dementia and their Care-Network Workshops Workshop Ethics and Morality in Business Informatics (Workshop Ethik und Moral in der Wirtschaftsinformatik – EMoWI’19) Model-Based Compliance in Information Systems - Foundations, Case Description and Data Set of the MobIS-Challenge for Students and Doctoral Candidates Report of the Workshop on Concepts and Methods of Identifying Digital Potentials in Information Management Control of Systemic Risks in Global Networks - A Grand Challenge to Information Systems Research Die Mitarbeiter von morgen - Kompetenzen künftiger Mitarbeiter im Bereich Business Analytics Digitaler Konsum: Herausforderungen und Chancen der Verbraucherinformati

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

Elastic properties of a twodimensional colloidal system

In dieser Arbeit wurde ein 2D Kolloidsystem verwendet, das aus superparamagnetischenKolloiden bestand, die in einer Ebene angeordnet sind und deren Dipol-Dipol Wechselwirkungdurch ein externes Magnetfeld eingestellt wird. Die Partikelpositionen wurden mit digitalerVideomikroskopie erfasst. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, aus den mikroskopischen Eigenschaftendieses Systems das makroskopische elastische Verhalten abzuleiten.Eine Methode basiert auf den Fluktuationen der Partikelpositionen. Aus den einzelnenVerschiebungen der Teilchenkoordinaten werden die mittleren Verzerrungen berechnet,aus denen auf die radialen und angulären Fluktuationen des Untersystems geschlossen wird.Die elastische Energie dieser Fluktuationen ist eine Funktion der elastischen Konstanten,so dass sich der Kompressionsmodul K und der Schermodul µ extrahieren lassen.Die zweite Methode besteht darin, mit einer optischen Pinzette den kolloidalen Kristall lokalzu deformieren, um aus dem Relaxationsverhalten auf die elastischen Konstanten zuschließen. Die Relaxation dieser Deformationen ist durch die Rückstellkräfte des umgebendenGitters und der viskosen Reibungskräfte der Partikel in der Suspension bestimmt. DieRückstellkräfte verhalten sich linear zum Auslenkungswinkel bzw. zur Dehnung, wie miteiner elastischen Kontinuumstheorie gezeigt wird. Daraus resultiert eine exponentielleRelaxation, aus der der Schermodul µ bzw. der Kompressionsmodul K bestimmt wird.Aus den Moduln K und µ wird der Youngsche Modul K_Y berechnet. Dessentemperaturabhängiges Verhalten, angeglichen an die 2D Schmelztheorie von KTHNY,liefert drei Schmelzparameter. Den universellen kritischen Exponenten nue, die SchmelztemperaturGamma_m und erstmalig die Dislokationskernenergie E_C, die fürdas Schmelzverhalten des 2D Systems entscheidend ist